I’m not sure how the data work out in Europe, but according to Edmunds.com, the full cost of ownership per year of a car you buy new and drive for 10 years is lower on average than the same cost if you buy at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 y.o. if you replace it when it turns 10.

The caveat is of course that if you’re handy and can manage most routine maintenance and repairs yourself, the results skew back to the benefit of used cars.

I think hybrids are also less expensive to own than similar ICE cars or EVs, and don’t have the range and convenience challenges of EVs. However, I haven’t done the research on this yet.